Object Oriented Programming with Java: Essentials and Applications

ion Encapsulation Abstraction separates interface and implementation. Encapsulation groups related concepts into one item.ion separates interface and implementation. Encapsulation groups related concepts into one item. User knows only the interfaces of the object and how to use them according to abstraction. Thus, it provides access to a specific part of data. Encapsulation hides data and the user cannot access the same directly (data hiding). Abstraction gives the coherent picture of what the user wants to know. The degree of relatedness of an encapsulated unit is defined as cohesion. High cohesion is achieved by means of good abstraction. Coupling means dependency. Good systems have low coupling. Encapsulation results in lesser dependencies of one object on other objects in a system that has low coupling. Low coupling may be achieved by designing a good encapsulation.ion gives the coherent picture of what the user wants to know. The degree of relatedness of an encapsulated unit is defined as cohesion. High cohesion is achieved by means of good abstraction. Coupling means dependency. Good systems have low coupling. Encapsulation results in lesser dependencies of one object on other objects in a system that has low coupling. Low coupling may be achieved by designing a good encapsulation. Abstraction is defined as a data type called class which separates interface from implementation. Encapsulation packages data and functionality and hides the implementation details (information hiding).ion is defined as a data type called class which separates interface from implementation. Encapsulation packages data and functionality and hides the implementation details (information hiding). The ability to encapsulate and isolate design from execution information is known as abstraction. Encapsulation is a concept embedded in abstraction. Classes and objects represent abstractions in OOP languages. Class is a common representation with definite attributes and operations having a unique name. Class can be viewed as a user defined data type. Data types cannot be used in a program for direct manipulation. A variable of a particular data type is defined first as a container for storage. The variables are manipulated after holding data in them. For example,